homework_ten
Isaac Buabeng
2025-05-07
Description
In this homework, I explore the differences in the traits of Palm tree species of African and American/European descent. Specifically, I take look at differences in the average fruit length and maximum stem height asking if there are any differences in these traits. The datasets used for this homework came from tidytuesday’s weekly list of datasets for the year 2025.
citation: @misc{tidytuesday, title = {Tidy Tuesday: A weekly social data project}, author = {Data Science Learning Community}, url = {https://tidytues.day}, year = {2024} }
Variables Used
max_stem_height_m
average_fruit_length_cm
Data Exploration and Cleaning
load the necessary libraries
library(tidyr)
library(ggbeeswarm)## Warning: package 'ggbeeswarm' was built under R version 4.4.3## Loading required package: ggplot2library(cowplot)
library(ggridges)
library(ggmosaic)## Warning: package 'ggmosaic' was built under R version 4.4.3library(ggplot2)
library(tidyverse)## Warning: package 'purrr' was built under R version 4.4.3## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.4 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ purrr 1.0.4## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ✖ lubridate::stamp() masks cowplot::stamp()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorslibrary(skimr)import the data
plm_data <- read.csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2025/2025-03-18/palmtrees.csv')
str(plm_data)## 'data.frame': 2557 obs. of 29 variables:
## $ spec_name : chr "Acanthophoenix crinita" "Acanthophoenix rousselii" "Acanthophoenix rubra" "Acoelorrhaphe wrightii" ...
## $ acc_genus : chr "Acanthophoenix" "Acanthophoenix" "Acanthophoenix" "Acoelorrhaphe" ...
## $ acc_species : chr "crinita" "rousselii" "rubra" "wrightii" ...
## $ palm_tribe : chr "Areceae" "Areceae" "Areceae" "Trachycarpeae" ...
## $ palm_subfamily : chr "Arecoideae" "Arecoideae" "Arecoideae" "Coryphoideae" ...
## $ climbing : chr "climbing" "climbing" "climbing" "climbing" ...
## $ acaulescent : chr "acaulescent" "acaulescent" "acaulescent" "acaulescent" ...
## $ erect : chr "non-erect" "non-erect" "non-erect" "non-erect" ...
## $ stem_solitary : chr "non-solitary" "non-solitary" "non-solitary" "solitary" ...
## $ stem_armed : chr "non-armed" "non-armed" "non-armed" "armed" ...
## $ leaves_armed : chr "non-armed" "non-armed" "non-armed" "non-armed" ...
## $ max_stem_height_m : num 10 25 15 9.1 12 18 0 NA 0 NA ...
## $ max_stem_dia_cm : num 20 30 18 15 50 35 NA NA NA NA ...
## $ understorey_canopy : chr "canopy" "canopy" "canopy" "canopy" ...
## $ max_leaf_number : int 15 NA 20 25 30 15 NA NA 6 NA ...
## $ max__blade__length_m : num 2.3 3 3.1 1.3 3.5 3 NA NA 0.9 NA ...
## $ max__rachis__length_m : num NA NA 3 0.7 2.5 NA NA NA 0.54 NA ...
## $ max__petiole_length_m : num NA NA NA 0.65 NA 0.65 NA NA 0.51 NA ...
## $ average_fruit_length_cm: num 0.65 2 1 0.7 4.25 2.5 2 NA 2.25 4.6 ...
## $ min_fruit_length_cm : num 0.6 NA NA NA 3.5 NA NA NA 1.5 3.8 ...
## $ max_fruit_length_cm : num 0.7 NA NA NA 5 NA NA NA 3 5.4 ...
## $ average_fruit_width_cm : num 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 4.6 1.8 2 NA 2.25 4.6 ...
## $ min_fruit_width_cm : num NA NA NA 0.5 3.8 NA NA NA 1.5 3.8 ...
## $ max_fruit_width_cm : num NA NA NA 0.9 5.4 NA NA NA 3 5.4 ...
## $ fruit_size_categorical : chr "small" "small" "small" "small" ...
## $ fruit_shape : chr NA "ovoid" "ovoid" "ovoid" ...
## $ fruit_color_description: chr "black" "black" "black" "orange-brown; becomming black" ...
## $ main_fruit_colors : chr "black" "black" "black" "brown; black" ...
## $ conspicuousness : chr "cryptic" "cryptic" "cryptic" "cryptic" ...head(plm_data) ## spec_name acc_genus acc_species palm_tribe
## 1 Acanthophoenix crinita Acanthophoenix crinita Areceae
## 2 Acanthophoenix rousselii Acanthophoenix rousselii Areceae
## 3 Acanthophoenix rubra Acanthophoenix rubra Areceae
## 4 Acoelorrhaphe wrightii Acoelorrhaphe wrightii Trachycarpeae
## 5 Acrocomia aculeata Acrocomia aculeata Cocoseae
## 6 Acrocomia crispa Acrocomia crispa Cocoseae
## palm_subfamily climbing acaulescent erect stem_solitary stem_armed
## 1 Arecoideae climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary non-armed
## 2 Arecoideae climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary non-armed
## 3 Arecoideae climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary non-armed
## 4 Coryphoideae climbing acaulescent non-erect solitary armed
## 5 Arecoideae climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary non-armed
## 6 Arecoideae climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary non-armed
## leaves_armed max_stem_height_m max_stem_dia_cm understorey_canopy
## 1 non-armed 10.0 20 canopy
## 2 non-armed 25.0 30 canopy
## 3 non-armed 15.0 18 canopy
## 4 non-armed 9.1 15 canopy
## 5 non-armed 12.0 50 canopy
## 6 non-armed 18.0 35 canopy
## max_leaf_number max__blade__length_m max__rachis__length_m
## 1 15 2.3 NA
## 2 NA 3.0 NA
## 3 20 3.1 3.0
## 4 25 1.3 0.7
## 5 30 3.5 2.5
## 6 15 3.0 NA
## max__petiole_length_m average_fruit_length_cm min_fruit_length_cm
## 1 NA 0.65 0.6
## 2 NA 2.00 NA
## 3 NA 1.00 NA
## 4 0.65 0.70 NA
## 5 NA 4.25 3.5
## 6 0.65 2.50 NA
## max_fruit_length_cm average_fruit_width_cm min_fruit_width_cm
## 1 0.7 0.5 NA
## 2 NA 0.8 NA
## 3 NA 0.7 NA
## 4 NA 0.7 0.5
## 5 5.0 4.6 3.8
## 6 NA 1.8 NA
## max_fruit_width_cm fruit_size_categorical fruit_shape
## 1 NA small <NA>
## 2 NA small ovoid
## 3 NA small ovoid
## 4 0.9 small ovoid
## 5 5.4 large ovoid
## 6 NA small globose
## fruit_color_description main_fruit_colors conspicuousness
## 1 black black cryptic
## 2 black black cryptic
## 3 black black cryptic
## 4 orange-brown; becomming black brown; black cryptic
## 5 yellowish green green cryptic
## 6 yellow to orange yellow; orange conspicuoustail(plm_data)## spec_name acc_genus acc_species palm_tribe palm_subfamily
## 2552 Wettinia praemorsa Wettinia praemorsa Irarteeae Arecoideae
## 2553 Wettinia quinaria Wettinia quinaria Irarteeae Arecoideae
## 2554 Wettinia radiata Wettinia radiata Irarteeae Arecoideae
## 2555 Wettinia verruculosa Wettinia verruculosa Irarteeae Arecoideae
## 2556 Wodyetia bifurcata Wodyetia bifurcata Areceae Arecoideae
## 2557 Zombia antillarum Zombia antillarum Cryosophileae Coryphoideae
## climbing acaulescent erect stem_solitary stem_armed leaves_armed
## 2552 climbing acaulescent non-erect both armed armed
## 2553 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 2554 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 2555 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 2556 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 2557 climbing acaulescent non-erect solitary armed non-armed
## max_stem_height_m max_stem_dia_cm understorey_canopy max_leaf_number
## 2552 15 15 canopy 6
## 2553 15 20 canopy 6
## 2554 9 10 canopy 6
## 2555 10 20 canopy 6
## 2556 15 25 canopy 10
## 2557 3 10 understorey 12
## max__blade__length_m max__rachis__length_m max__petiole_length_m
## 2552 3.00 3.0 NA
## 2553 5.50 3.2 1.35
## 2554 4.33 3.4 NA
## 2555 6.00 3.7 2.40
## 2556 3.20 2.3 1.02
## 2557 1.20 1.0 NA
## average_fruit_length_cm min_fruit_length_cm max_fruit_length_cm
## 2552 2.55 2.2 2.9
## 2553 2.75 2.0 3.5
## 2554 4.00 3.0 4.0
## 2555 2.50 NA NA
## 2556 5.75 5.0 6.5
## 2557 1.75 NA NA
## average_fruit_width_cm min_fruit_width_cm max_fruit_width_cm
## 2552 NA NA NA
## 2553 2.00 1.5 2.5
## 2554 2.00 NA NA
## 2555 1.50 NA NA
## 2556 4.35 2.7 6.0
## 2557 1.75 1.5 2.0
## fruit_size_categorical fruit_shape fruit_color_description
## 2552 small globose green to filly yellowish brown
## 2553 small ovoid dark brown; green
## 2554 large globose yellow
## 2555 small ovoid green to brown; green
## 2556 large globose red
## 2557 small ovoid white
## main_fruit_colors conspicuousness
## 2552 green; brown cryptic
## 2553 brown; green cryptic
## 2554 yellow conspicuous
## 2555 green; brown cryptic
## 2556 red conspicuous
## 2557 white crypticsummary(plm_data)## spec_name acc_genus acc_species palm_tribe
## Length:2557 Length:2557 Length:2557 Length:2557
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
##
## palm_subfamily climbing acaulescent erect
## Length:2557 Length:2557 Length:2557 Length:2557
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
##
## stem_solitary stem_armed leaves_armed max_stem_height_m
## Length:2557 Length:2557 Length:2557 Min. : 0.00
## Class :character Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.: 2.50
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Median : 6.00
## Mean : 10.86
## 3rd Qu.: 15.00
## Max. :170.00
## NA's :446
## max_stem_dia_cm understorey_canopy max_leaf_number max__blade__length_m
## Min. : 0.00 Length:2557 Min. : 4.00 Min. : 0.150
## 1st Qu.: 2.00 Class :character 1st Qu.: 8.00 1st Qu.: 1.000
## Median : 5.00 Mode :character Median :11.00 Median : 1.695
## Mean : 12.38 Mean :14.37 Mean : 2.374
## 3rd Qu.: 17.00 3rd Qu.:18.00 3rd Qu.: 3.000
## Max. :175.00 Max. :75.00 Max. :25.000
## NA's :602 NA's :1251 NA's :659
## max__rachis__length_m max__petiole_length_m average_fruit_length_cm
## Min. : 0.050 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.300
## 1st Qu.: 0.750 1st Qu.:0.2500 1st Qu.: 1.050
## Median : 1.500 Median :0.5500 Median : 1.500
## Mean : 1.972 Mean :0.8517 Mean : 2.196
## 3rd Qu.: 2.700 3rd Qu.:1.2500 3rd Qu.: 2.500
## Max. :18.500 Max. :6.7500 Max. :45.000
## NA's :1026 NA's :1347 NA's :505
## min_fruit_length_cm max_fruit_length_cm average_fruit_width_cm
## Min. : 0.300 Min. : 0.500 Min. : 0.200
## 1st Qu.: 1.000 1st Qu.: 1.400 1st Qu.: 0.750
## Median : 1.500 Median : 2.000 Median : 1.050
## Mean : 2.181 Mean : 3.102 Mean : 1.594
## 3rd Qu.: 2.500 3rd Qu.: 3.500 3rd Qu.: 1.800
## Max. :40.000 Max. :50.000 Max. :20.000
## NA's :1651 NA's :1641 NA's :563
## min_fruit_width_cm max_fruit_width_cm fruit_size_categorical
## Min. : 0.200 Min. : 0.220 Length:2557
## 1st Qu.: 0.700 1st Qu.: 1.000 Class :character
## Median : 1.000 Median : 1.500 Mode :character
## Mean : 1.479 Mean : 2.125
## 3rd Qu.: 1.800 3rd Qu.: 2.500
## Max. :13.000 Max. :20.000
## NA's :1563 NA's :1555
## fruit_shape fruit_color_description main_fruit_colors
## Length:2557 Length:2557 Length:2557
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
##
##
##
##
## conspicuousness
## Length:2557
## Class :character
## Mode :character
##
##
##
## # check for the different types of tribes we have in our dataset
unique(plm_data$palm_tribe) # 23 tribes in total## [1] "Areceae" "Trachycarpeae" "Cocoseae" "Phytelepheae"
## [5] "Caryoteae" "Geonomateae" "Borasseae" "Calameae"
## [9] "Ceroxyleae" "Chamaedoreeae" "Cryosophileae" "Chuniophoeniceae"
## [13] "Corypheae" "Irarteeae" "Lepidocaryeae" "Eugeissoneae"
## [17] "Euterpeae" "Leopoldinieae" "Manicarieae" "Nypoideae"
## [21] "Oranieae" "Pelagodoxeae" "Phoeniceae" "Podococceae"
## [25] "Cyclosphatheae" "Reinhardtieae" "Roystoneeae" "Sabaleae"
## [29] "Sclerospermeae"# select for species in tribes from africa and america/europe based on (Baker & Dransfield, 2016 and Eiserhardt et al., 2011)
afro_tribe <- c("Phoeniceae", "Borasseae", "Oranieae", "Sclerospermeae", "Pelagodoxeae", "Podococceae")
eu_us_tribe <- c("Cocoseae", "Phytelepheae", "Geonomateae", "Ceroxyleae", "Chamaedoreeae", "Cryosophileae", "Trachycarpeae", "Irarteeae", "Lepidocaryeae", "Euterpeae", "Eugeissoneae", "Leopoldinieae", "Manicarieae", "Reinhardtieae", "Roystoneeae", "Sabaleae", "Cyclosphatheae")
# select for tribes from africa and take out NAs
plm_data %>%
filter(palm_tribe %in% afro_tribe) %>%
drop_na() -> afro_palm
head(afro_palm)## spec_name acc_genus acc_species palm_tribe palm_subfamily
## 1 Bismarckia nobilis Bismarckia nobilis Borasseae Coryphoideae
## 2 Hyphaene coriacea Hyphaene coriacea Borasseae Coryphoideae
## 3 Orania disticha Orania disticha Oranieae Arecoideae
## 4 Orania lauterbachiana Orania lauterbachiana Oranieae Arecoideae
## 5 Orania longisquama Orania longisquama Oranieae Arecoideae
## 6 Orania palindan Orania palindan Oranieae Arecoideae
## climbing acaulescent erect stem_solitary stem_armed leaves_armed
## 1 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 2 climbing acaulescent non-erect both armed non-armed
## 3 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 4 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 5 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 6 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## max_stem_height_m max_stem_dia_cm understorey_canopy max_leaf_number
## 1 25 45 canopy 30
## 2 6 30 canopy 20
## 3 20 23 canopy 12
## 4 20 32 canopy 10
## 5 20 25 canopy 15
## 6 30 40 canopy 15
## max__blade__length_m max__rachis__length_m max__petiole_length_m
## 1 4.50 1.5 2.75
## 2 1.17 1.8 0.75
## 3 4.30 3.0 1.35
## 4 5.10 3.9 1.25
## 5 3.20 2.0 1.25
## 6 3.50 2.0 1.55
## average_fruit_length_cm min_fruit_length_cm max_fruit_length_cm
## 1 4.40 4.0 4.8
## 2 4.50 3.0 6.0
## 3 5.75 5.5 6.0
## 4 3.75 2.5 5.0
## 5 4.75 4.0 5.5
## 6 5.40 3.3 7.5
## average_fruit_width_cm min_fruit_width_cm max_fruit_width_cm
## 1 3.025 3.0 3.05
## 2 3.250 2.5 4.00
## 3 5.750 5.5 6.00
## 4 3.750 2.5 5.00
## 5 3.750 3.0 4.50
## 6 5.250 3.0 7.50
## fruit_size_categorical fruit_shape fruit_color_description
## 1 large globose dark brown
## 2 large elongate brown
## 3 large elongate orange
## 4 small globose reddish orange
## 5 large ovoid green
## 6 large ovoid yellowish green to bright yellow; smooth
## main_fruit_colors conspicuousness
## 1 brown cryptic
## 2 brown cryptic
## 3 orange conspicuous
## 4 orange conspicuous
## 5 green cryptic
## 6 green; yellow conspicuoustail(afro_palm)## spec_name acc_genus acc_species palm_tribe palm_subfamily
## 5 Orania longisquama Orania longisquama Oranieae Arecoideae
## 6 Orania palindan Orania palindan Oranieae Arecoideae
## 7 Orania ravaka Orania ravaka Oranieae Arecoideae
## 8 Orania trispatha Orania trispatha Oranieae Arecoideae
## 9 Phoenix reclinata Phoenix reclinata Phoeniceae Coryphoideae
## 10 Sommieria leucophylla Sommieria leucophylla Pelagodoxeae Arecoideae
## climbing acaulescent erect stem_solitary stem_armed leaves_armed
## 5 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 6 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 7 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 8 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary armed armed
## 9 climbing acaulescent non-erect both armed non-armed
## 10 climbing non-acaulescent erect non-solitary armed armed
## max_stem_height_m max_stem_dia_cm understorey_canopy max_leaf_number
## 5 20 25 canopy 15
## 6 30 40 canopy 15
## 7 20 20 canopy 8
## 8 22 35 canopy 12
## 9 15 30 canopy 40
## 10 0 4 understorey 40
## max__blade__length_m max__rachis__length_m max__petiole_length_m
## 5 3.200 2.00 1.25
## 6 3.500 2.00 1.55
## 7 4.500 3.21 1.34
## 8 5.000 2.40 2.70
## 9 4.500 4.20 0.33
## 10 2.185 1.80 0.80
## average_fruit_length_cm min_fruit_length_cm max_fruit_length_cm
## 5 4.75 4.0 5.5
## 6 5.40 3.3 7.5
## 7 6.20 5.0 7.4
## 8 6.50 5.0 8.0
## 9 1.90 1.8 2.0
## 10 1.20 0.9 1.5
## average_fruit_width_cm min_fruit_width_cm max_fruit_width_cm
## 5 3.75 3.0 4.5
## 6 5.25 3.0 7.5
## 7 3.50 4.0 5.0
## 8 6.50 5.0 8.0
## 9 1.10 0.9 1.3
## 10 1.15 0.8 1.5
## fruit_size_categorical fruit_shape fruit_color_description
## 5 large ovoid green
## 6 large ovoid yellowish green to bright yellow; smooth
## 7 large ovoid yellow or pale brown
## 8 large globose green
## 9 small globose from pale yellow to orange or dull red
## 10 small ovoid dark brown and bright pink
## main_fruit_colors conspicuousness
## 5 green cryptic
## 6 green; yellow conspicuous
## 7 yellow; brown conspicuous
## 8 green cryptic
## 9 yellow; orange; red conspicuous
## 10 brown; pink conspicuous# select for tribes from EU and US and take out NAs
plm_data %>%
filter(palm_tribe %in% eu_us_tribe) %>%
drop_na() -> eu_us_palm
head(eu_us_palm)## spec_name acc_genus acc_species palm_tribe palm_subfamily
## 1 Aiphanes minima Aiphanes minima Cocoseae Arecoideae
## 2 Astrocaryum aculeatum Astrocaryum aculeatum Cocoseae Arecoideae
## 3 Astrocaryum huaimi Astrocaryum huaimi Cocoseae Arecoideae
## 4 Astrocaryum jauari Astrocaryum jauari Cocoseae Arecoideae
## 5 Astrocaryum javarense Astrocaryum javarense Cocoseae Arecoideae
## 6 Astrocaryum murumuru Astrocaryum murumuru Cocoseae Arecoideae
## climbing acaulescent erect stem_solitary stem_armed leaves_armed
## 1 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary non-armed non-armed
## 2 climbing acaulescent non-erect non-solitary non-armed non-armed
## 3 climbing acaulescent non-erect solitary non-armed non-armed
## 4 climbing acaulescent non-erect both non-armed non-armed
## 5 climbing acaulescent non-erect solitary non-armed non-armed
## 6 climbing acaulescent non-erect both non-armed non-armed
## max_stem_height_m max_stem_dia_cm understorey_canopy max_leaf_number
## 1 18 50 canopy 9
## 2 20 25 canopy 15
## 3 7 15 canopy 12
## 4 20 30 canopy 15
## 5 4 18 understorey 16
## 6 15 30 canopy 16
## max__blade__length_m max__rachis__length_m max__petiole_length_m
## 1 4.2 3.0 1.25
## 2 8.4 6.4 2.10
## 3 5.5 3.5 2.10
## 4 6.0 3.6 2.50
## 5 5.7 4.4 1.35
## 6 8.0 6.0 2.10
## average_fruit_length_cm min_fruit_length_cm max_fruit_length_cm
## 1 1.40 1.2 1.6
## 2 5.50 4.5 6.5
## 3 3.55 3.2 3.9
## 4 3.50 2.5 5.0
## 5 5.10 3.5 6.7
## 6 7.25 6.0 8.5
## average_fruit_width_cm min_fruit_width_cm max_fruit_width_cm
## 1 1.55 1.4 1.7
## 2 4.00 3.5 4.5
## 3 2.75 2.5 3.0
## 4 2.40 1.7 3.0
## 5 1.60 2.2 3.0
## 6 4.10 3.8 4.4
## fruit_size_categorical fruit_shape
## 1 small globose
## 2 large globose
## 3 small globose
## 4 small ovoid
## 5 large globose
## 6 large ovoid
## fruit_color_description main_fruit_colors
## 1 red red
## 2 orange; greenish to yellowish orange
## 3 yellowish to orange orange
## 4 yellow or orange at maturity yellow; orange
## 5 hairy brown brown
## 6 yellow to tan; breaking open to show orange mesocarp yellow; brown
## conspicuousness
## 1 conspicuous
## 2 conspicuous
## 3 conspicuous
## 4 conspicuous
## 5 cryptic
## 6 conspicuous# excellent! this would be the only data wrangling we would be doing for now. Data Visualization
visualizing interactions for Tribes in Africa
# mosaic plot for Average Fruit Length by tribe
# Create a binned category for fruit length
afro_palm$fruit_length_cat <- cut(afro_palm$average_fruit_length_cm,
breaks = 4,
labels = c("Short",
"Medium",
"Long",
"Very Long"))
# Mosaic plot with two categorical variables
ggplot(data = afro_palm) +
geom_mosaic(aes
(weight = 1,
x = product(palm_tribe),
fill = fruit_length_cat)) +
theme_classic() +
labs(title = "Fruit Length Categories by Tribe",
x = "Palm Tribe",
y = "Proportion",
fill = "Fruit Length Category")## Warning: The `scale_name` argument of `continuous_scale()` is deprecated as of ggplot2
## 3.5.0.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.## Warning: The `trans` argument of `continuous_scale()` is deprecated as of ggplot2 3.5.0.
## ℹ Please use the `transform` argument instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.## Warning: `unite_()` was deprecated in tidyr 1.2.0.
## ℹ Please use `unite()` instead.
## ℹ The deprecated feature was likely used in the ggmosaic package.
## Please report the issue at <https://github.com/haleyjeppson/ggmosaic>.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
# Boxplot for Maximum Stem Height by Tribe
ggplot(afro_palm)+
aes(x = palm_tribe,
y = max_stem_height_m,
fill = palm_tribe) +
geom_col() +
theme_cowplot() +
labs(title = "Maximum Stem Height by Tribe",
x = "Tribe",
y = "Maximum Stem Height (m)")
visualizing interactions for Tribes in the EU and US
# ridgeline plot for Average Fruit Length across tribes
ggplot(data = eu_us_palm,
aes(
x = average_fruit_length_cm, # continuous
y = palm_tribe, # grouping strip
fill = palm_tribe # fill by tribe
)) +
geom_density_ridges(alpha = 0.7, color = "white") +
theme_classic() +
theme(
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12),
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, size = 12),
legend.position = "right"
) +
labs(
title = "Distribution of Average Fruit Length by Tribe",
x = "Average Fruit Length (cm)",
y = "Tribe"
)## Picking joint bandwidth of 0.393
# Density ridgelines for Maximum Stem Height across tribes
ggplot(data = eu_us_palm,
aes(
y = max_stem_height_m, # continuous axis
x = palm_tribe, # categorical strips
color = palm_tribe # map tribe to point color
)) +
geom_beeswarm(
cex = 3, # controls horizontal spacing
size = 2, # point size
) +
theme_cowplot() +
labs(
title = "Maximum Stem Height by Tribe",
x = "Tribe",
y = "Maximum Stem Height (m)"
) +
theme(
legend.position = "right",
axis.text = element_text(size = 12,
angle = 45,
vjust = 0.5,
hjust = 1)
)
# comparing plots for the African and the American/European tribes it appears that, species in Europe and America have higher averages for Stem Height and Fruit Length. Also, it appears that our data has more records for American/European tribes than thier african counterparts. This is very interesting and needs further investigation.